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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Biotechnology in pharmaceutical manufacturing ： ウィキペディア英語版 Biotechnology in pharmaceutical manufacturing Modern pharmaceutical manufacturing techniques frequently rely upon biotechnology. ==Human Insulin== Amongst the earliest uses of biotechnology in pharmaceutical manufacturing is the use of recombinant DNA technology to modify ''Escherichia coli'' bacteria to produce human insulin, which was performed at Genentech in 1978.〔 Prior to the development of this technique, insulin was extracted from the pancreas glands of cattle, pigs, and other farm animals. While generally efficacious in the treatment of diabetes, animal-derived insulin is not indistinguishable from human insulin, and may therefore produce allergic reactions.〔Brar, Deepinder: "The History of Insulin" http://www.med.uni-giessen.de/itr/history/inshist.html, accessed June 14, 2006〕 Genentech researchers produced artificial genes for each of the two protein chains that comprise the insulin molecule. The artificial genes were "then inserted... into plasmids... among a group of genes that" are activated by lactose. Thus, the insulin-producing genes were also activated by lactose. The recombinant plasmids were inserted into ''Escherichia coli'' bacteria, which were "induced to produce 100,000 molecules of either chain A or chain B human insulin."〔 The two protein chains were then combined to produce insulin molecules. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Biotechnology in pharmaceutical manufacturing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.